sparfloxacin
Sparfloxacin belongs to the class of medicines known as antibiotics. It is used to treat bronchitis and pneumonia caused by bacterial infections.
Sparfloxacin works by killing bacteria or preventing their growth. However, sparfloxacin will not work for colds, flu, or other virus infections.
Sparfloxacin is available only with your doctor's prescription.
Sparfloxacin works by killing bacteria or preventing their growth. However, sparfloxacin will not work for colds, flu, or other virus infections.
Sparfloxacin is available only with your doctor's prescription.
Mechanism of effect
The bactericidal action of sparfloxacin results from inhibition of the enzymes topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV, which are required for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination
Pharmacodynamic
Storage
Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.
Absorption
Well absorbed following oral administration with an absolute oral bioavailability of 92%. Unaffected by administration with milk or food, however concurrent administration of antacids containing magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide reduces the oral bioavailability of sparfloxacin by as much as 50%.
Metabolism
Hepatic. Metabolized primarily by phase II glucuronidation to form a glucuronide conjugate. Metabolism does not utilize or interfere with the cytochrome P450 enzyme system.
Half life
Mean terminal elimination half-life of 20 hours (range 16-30 hours). Prolonged in patients with renal impairment (creatinine clearance <50 mL/min).
Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.
Absorption
Well absorbed following oral administration with an absolute oral bioavailability of 92%. Unaffected by administration with milk or food, however concurrent administration of antacids containing magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide reduces the oral bioavailability of sparfloxacin by as much as 50%.
Metabolism
Hepatic. Metabolized primarily by phase II glucuronidation to form a glucuronide conjugate. Metabolism does not utilize or interfere with the cytochrome P450 enzyme system.
Half life
Mean terminal elimination half-life of 20 hours (range 16-30 hours). Prolonged in patients with renal impairment (creatinine clearance <50 mL/min).
Drug indications
For the treatment of adults with the following infections caused by susceptible strains microorganisms: community-acquired pneumonia (caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, or Streptococcus pneumoniae) and acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus, or Streptococcus pneumoniae).
Dosage
Usual Adult Dose for Bronchitis
Acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis:
400 mg orally once as a loading dose, followed by 200 mg orally once a day thereafter for a total of 10 days.
Usual Adult Dose for Leprosy - Borderline
200 mg orally daily.
Therapy may be required for several months to 1 year, depending on clinical and histopathological response.
Sparfloxacin has been used successfully in a limited number of patients either alone, or followed by the WHO recommended regimen of rifampin, dapsone, and clofazimine.
Usual Adult Dose for Leprosy - Lepromatous
200 mg orally daily.
Therapy may be required for several months to 1 year, depending on clinical and histopathological response.
Sparfloxacin has been used successfully in a limited number of patients either alone, or followed by the WHO recommended regimen of rifampin, dapsone, and clofazimine.
Usual Adult Dose for Pneumonia
Community-acquired pneumonia:
400 mg orally once as a loading dose, followed by 200 mg orally once a day thereafter for a total of 10 days
Acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis:
400 mg orally once as a loading dose, followed by 200 mg orally once a day thereafter for a total of 10 days.
Usual Adult Dose for Leprosy - Borderline
200 mg orally daily.
Therapy may be required for several months to 1 year, depending on clinical and histopathological response.
Sparfloxacin has been used successfully in a limited number of patients either alone, or followed by the WHO recommended regimen of rifampin, dapsone, and clofazimine.
Usual Adult Dose for Leprosy - Lepromatous
200 mg orally daily.
Therapy may be required for several months to 1 year, depending on clinical and histopathological response.
Sparfloxacin has been used successfully in a limited number of patients either alone, or followed by the WHO recommended regimen of rifampin, dapsone, and clofazimine.
Usual Adult Dose for Pneumonia
Community-acquired pneumonia:
400 mg orally once as a loading dose, followed by 200 mg orally once a day thereafter for a total of 10 days
Drug contraindications
Sparfloxacin is contraindicated in patients with a history of photosensitivity reactions.
Side effects
More common
Blisters
itching
redness of skin
sensation of skin burning
skin rash
swelling of skin
Rare
Abdominal or stomach cramps and pain (severe)
abdominal tenderness
diarrhea (watery and severe), which may also be bloody
fever
pain, inflammation, or swelling in calves, shoulders, or hands
Blisters
itching
redness of skin
sensation of skin burning
skin rash
swelling of skin
Rare
Abdominal or stomach cramps and pain (severe)
abdominal tenderness
diarrhea (watery and severe), which may also be bloody
fever
pain, inflammation, or swelling in calves, shoulders, or hands
Interactions
Selenium , Cisapride , prednisone , Palonosetron , vandetanib , Aripiprazole , Amitriptyline , Amiodarone , Erythromycin , Ofloxacin , Olanzapine , lumefantrine , Deslorelin , vemurafenib , lofexidine , macimorelin , ozogamicin , NAFARELIN , Piperaquine , Entrectinib , Vorinostat , Gonadorelin , Ceritinib , norfloxacin , Pasireotide , encorafenib , Triclabendazole , ivosidenib , Crizotinib , Telavancin , Deutetrabenazine , Paliperidone , Pazopanib , Iloperidone , Pimavanserin , Degarelix , Foscarnet , Arsenic trioxide , Efavirenz , Telaprevir , Dabrafenib , Gatifloxacin , Artemether , Felbamate , Goserelin , Anagrelide , Fosphenytoin , probucol , sodium phosphates , Panobinostat , Ribociclib , Dofetilide , Ibutilide , Eribulin , Inotuzumab , Chloroquine , Sertindole , Mesoridazine , Procainamide , Mefloquine , Mifepristone , Dolasetron , Telithromycin , Droperidol , Osimertinib , Quinine , dronedarone , ritonavir , saquinavir , nelfinavir , Apomorphine , Ivabradine , Prochlorperazine , Quinidine , Ziprasidone , Buserelin , Histrelin , protriptyline , astemizole , Pentamidine , Quetiapine , Buprenorphine , Toremifene , Tamoxifen , Leuprolide acetate , escitalopram , Clofazimine , Cyclobenzaprine , Atazanavir , Ranolazine , Chlorpromazine , Clozapine , Clomipramine , Solifenacin , Flecainide , formoterol , Hydroxychloroquine , Vardenafil , Venlafaxine , Voriconazole , Ketoconazole , Clarithromycin , Lapatinib , Levofloxacin , Methadone , Moxifloxacin , Nilotinib , Haloperidol , Citalopram , Fluoxetine , Fluconazole , Fingolimod , Galantamine , Granisetron , Sunitinib , Sertraline , Sotalol , Sorafenib , Sevoflurane , Ciprofloxacin , Gemifloxacin , Desipramine , Domperidone , Doxepin , Disopyramide , Risperidone , Trazodone , Triptorelin , Trimipramine , Tolterodine , Tizanidine , Thioridazine , Propafenone , Promethazine , Posaconazole , Pimozide , Tacrolimus , Tetrabenazine , Ondansetron , Octreotide acetate , Itraconazole , Imipramine , Paroxetine , perphenazine , Promazine , Vasopressin , Halofantrine , Acetohexamide , Terfenadine , Abarelix , Asenapine , Alfuzosin , Amisulpride , Perflutren , lenvatinib , Apalutamide , Pitolisant , gilteritinib , glasdegib , Bepridil , bedaquiline , Dasatinib , VernakalantAlfuzosin, Amiodarone, Amisulpride, Amitriptyline, Anagrelide, Apomorphine, Aripiprazole,
Aripiprazole Lauroxil, Arsenic Trioxide, Artemether, Asenapine, Astemizole, Atazanavir, Azithromycin, Bedaquiline, Bepridil, Buprenorphine, Buserelin, Ceritinib, Chloroquine,
Chlorpromazine, Ciprofloxacin, Cisapride, Citalopram, Clarithromycin, Clofazimine, Clozapine, Clomipramine, Crizotinib, Cyclobenzaprine, Dabrafenib, Dasatinib, Degarelix,
Delamanid, Desipramine, Deslorelin, Deutetrabenazine, Disopyramide, Dofetilide, Dolasetron, Domperidone, Donepezil, Doxepin, Dronedarone, Droperidol, Ebastine, Efavirenz, Encorafenib, Entrectinib, Eribulin, Erythromycin, Escitalopram, Famotidine,
Felbamate, Fingolimod, Flecainide, Fluconazole, Fluoxetine, Formoterol, Foscarnet, Fosphenytoin, Galantamine, Gatifloxacin, Gemifloxacin, Glasdegib, Gonadorelin, Goserelin,
Granisetron, Halofantrine, Haloperidol, Histrelin, Hydroquinidine, Hydroxychloroquine,
Hydroxyzine, Ibutilide, Iloperidone, Imipramine, Inotuzumab Ozogamicin, Itraconazole,
Ivabradine, Ivosidenib, Ketoconazole, Lapatinib, Lenvatinib, Leuprolide, Levofloxacin,
Lofexidine, Lumefantrine, Macimorelin, Mefloquine, Mesoridazine, Methadone, Metronidazole, Mifepristone, Mizolastine, Moxifloxacin, Nafarelin, Nelfinavir, Nilotinib,
Norfloxacin, Octreotide, Ofloxacin, Olanzapine, Ondansetron, Osimertinib, Paliperidone,
Panobinostat, Paroxetine, Pasireotide, Pazopanib, Pentamidine, Perphenazine, Pimozide,
Pimavanserin, Pipamperone, Piperaquine, Pitolisant, Posaconazole, Probucol, Procainamide,
Prochlorperazine, Promethazine, Propafenone, Protriptyline, Quetiapine, Quinidine, Quinine, Ranolazine, Ribociclib, Risperidone, Ritonavir, Saquinavir, Sertindole, Sertraline,
Sevoflurane, Sodium Phosphate, Sodium Phosphate, Dibasic, Sodium Phosphate, Monobasic,
Solifenacin, Sorafenib, Sotalol, Sunitinib, Tacrolimus, Tamoxifen, Telaprevir, Telavancin,
Telithromycin, Terfenadine, Tetrabenazine, Thioridazine, Tizanidine, Tolterodine, Toremifene, Trazodone, Triclabendazole, Trimipramine, Triptorelin, Vandetanib, Vardenafil,
Vemurafenib, Venlafaxine, Vilanterol, Vinflunine, Voriconazole, Vorinostat, Ziprasidone,
Zuclopenthixol
Aripiprazole Lauroxil, Arsenic Trioxide, Artemether, Asenapine, Astemizole, Atazanavir, Azithromycin, Bedaquiline, Bepridil, Buprenorphine, Buserelin, Ceritinib, Chloroquine,
Chlorpromazine, Ciprofloxacin, Cisapride, Citalopram, Clarithromycin, Clofazimine, Clozapine, Clomipramine, Crizotinib, Cyclobenzaprine, Dabrafenib, Dasatinib, Degarelix,
Delamanid, Desipramine, Deslorelin, Deutetrabenazine, Disopyramide, Dofetilide, Dolasetron, Domperidone, Donepezil, Doxepin, Dronedarone, Droperidol, Ebastine, Efavirenz, Encorafenib, Entrectinib, Eribulin, Erythromycin, Escitalopram, Famotidine,
Felbamate, Fingolimod, Flecainide, Fluconazole, Fluoxetine, Formoterol, Foscarnet, Fosphenytoin, Galantamine, Gatifloxacin, Gemifloxacin, Glasdegib, Gonadorelin, Goserelin,
Granisetron, Halofantrine, Haloperidol, Histrelin, Hydroquinidine, Hydroxychloroquine,
Hydroxyzine, Ibutilide, Iloperidone, Imipramine, Inotuzumab Ozogamicin, Itraconazole,
Ivabradine, Ivosidenib, Ketoconazole, Lapatinib, Lenvatinib, Leuprolide, Levofloxacin,
Lofexidine, Lumefantrine, Macimorelin, Mefloquine, Mesoridazine, Methadone, Metronidazole, Mifepristone, Mizolastine, Moxifloxacin, Nafarelin, Nelfinavir, Nilotinib,
Norfloxacin, Octreotide, Ofloxacin, Olanzapine, Ondansetron, Osimertinib, Paliperidone,
Panobinostat, Paroxetine, Pasireotide, Pazopanib, Pentamidine, Perphenazine, Pimozide,
Pimavanserin, Pipamperone, Piperaquine, Pitolisant, Posaconazole, Probucol, Procainamide,
Prochlorperazine, Promethazine, Propafenone, Protriptyline, Quetiapine, Quinidine, Quinine, Ranolazine, Ribociclib, Risperidone, Ritonavir, Saquinavir, Sertindole, Sertraline,
Sevoflurane, Sodium Phosphate, Sodium Phosphate, Dibasic, Sodium Phosphate, Monobasic,
Solifenacin, Sorafenib, Sotalol, Sunitinib, Tacrolimus, Tamoxifen, Telaprevir, Telavancin,
Telithromycin, Terfenadine, Tetrabenazine, Thioridazine, Tizanidine, Tolterodine, Toremifene, Trazodone, Triclabendazole, Trimipramine, Triptorelin, Vandetanib, Vardenafil,
Vemurafenib, Venlafaxine, Vilanterol, Vinflunine, Voriconazole, Vorinostat, Ziprasidone,
Zuclopenthixol
Alerts
Caution is recommended in using sparfloxacin in children up to 18 years of age because similar medicines have been shown to cause bone development problems in young animals. However, your doctor may choose to use sparfloxacin if other medicines cannot be used
Some people who take sparfloxacin may become more sensitive to sunlight than they are normally. Exposure to sunlight, even for brief periods of time, may cause severe sunburn; skin rash, redness, itching, or discoloration; or vision changes. When you begin taking sparfloxacin
Stay out of direct sunlight, especially between the hours of 10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m., if possible, while you are taking sparfloxacin and for 5 days after you stop taking sparfloxacin
Wear protective clothing, including a hat and sunglasses
Apply a sun block product that has a skin protection factor (SPF) of at least 15. Some patients may require a product with a higher SPF number, especially if they have a fair complexion. However, wearing a sun block product will not prevent a reaction to sunlight while you are taking sparfloxacin. If you have any questions about this, check with your health care professional
Do not use a sunlamp or tanning bed or booth
Sparfloxacin may rarely cause inflammation or even tearing of a tendon (the cord that attaches muscles to bones). If you get sudden pain in a tendon after exercise (for example, in your ankle, back of the knee or leg, shoulder, elbow, or wrist), stop taking sparfloxacin and check with your doctor. Rest and do not exercise until the doctor has made sure that you have not injured or torn the tendon
Sparfloxacin is contraindicated in patients with a history of photosensitivity reactions
Some people who take sparfloxacin may become more sensitive to sunlight than they are normally. Exposure to sunlight, even for brief periods of time, may cause severe sunburn; skin rash, redness, itching, or discoloration; or vision changes. When you begin taking sparfloxacin
Stay out of direct sunlight, especially between the hours of 10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m., if possible, while you are taking sparfloxacin and for 5 days after you stop taking sparfloxacin
Wear protective clothing, including a hat and sunglasses
Apply a sun block product that has a skin protection factor (SPF) of at least 15. Some patients may require a product with a higher SPF number, especially if they have a fair complexion. However, wearing a sun block product will not prevent a reaction to sunlight while you are taking sparfloxacin. If you have any questions about this, check with your health care professional
Do not use a sunlamp or tanning bed or booth
Sparfloxacin may rarely cause inflammation or even tearing of a tendon (the cord that attaches muscles to bones). If you get sudden pain in a tendon after exercise (for example, in your ankle, back of the knee or leg, shoulder, elbow, or wrist), stop taking sparfloxacin and check with your doctor. Rest and do not exercise until the doctor has made sure that you have not injured or torn the tendon
Sparfloxacin is contraindicated in patients with a history of photosensitivity reactions
Points of recommendation
Sparfloxacin has been studied in elderly patients and has not been found to cause different side effects or other problems than it does in younger adults
The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of sparfloxacin. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:
Brain or spinal cord disease, including hardening of the arteries in the brain, or epilepsy or other seizures—Sparfloxacin may increase the chance of convulsions (seizures) occurring
Heart rhythm problems
Heart or blood problems that could lead to heart rhythm problems—Sparfloxacin can cause heart rhythm problems
Kidney disease—Effects of sparfloxacin may be increased because of slower removal
from the body
Sensitivity of the skin to sunlight (previous)—Increased risk of severe reactions to sunlight caused by sparfloxacin
Sparfloxacin may be taken with meals or on an empty stomach, or with milk products or caffeine-containing products
Drink plenty of fluids while you are being treated with sparfloxacin. Drinking extra water will help to prevent some unwanted effects of sparfloxacin
Sparfloxacin works best when there is a constant amount in the blood or urine. To help keep the amount constant, do not miss any doses. Also, it is best to take the doses at evenly spaced times, day and night. For example, if you are to take one dose a day, try to take it at the same time each day
If you are taking aluminum-, calcium-, or magnesium-containing antacids, iron supplements, sucralfate, or zinc, do not take them at the same time that you take sparfloxacin. It is best to take these medicines at least 4 hours after taking sparfloxacin. These medicines may keep sparfloxacin from working properly
If you have a severe reaction from the sun, check with your doctor. Stay out of direct sunlight and artificial light (e.g., sunlamp, tanning bed or booth) for the next 5 days or until the reaction has stopped
The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of sparfloxacin. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:
Brain or spinal cord disease, including hardening of the arteries in the brain, or epilepsy or other seizures—Sparfloxacin may increase the chance of convulsions (seizures) occurring
Heart rhythm problems
Heart or blood problems that could lead to heart rhythm problems—Sparfloxacin can cause heart rhythm problems
Kidney disease—Effects of sparfloxacin may be increased because of slower removal
from the body
Sensitivity of the skin to sunlight (previous)—Increased risk of severe reactions to sunlight caused by sparfloxacin
Sparfloxacin may be taken with meals or on an empty stomach, or with milk products or caffeine-containing products
Drink plenty of fluids while you are being treated with sparfloxacin. Drinking extra water will help to prevent some unwanted effects of sparfloxacin
Sparfloxacin works best when there is a constant amount in the blood or urine. To help keep the amount constant, do not miss any doses. Also, it is best to take the doses at evenly spaced times, day and night. For example, if you are to take one dose a day, try to take it at the same time each day
If you are taking aluminum-, calcium-, or magnesium-containing antacids, iron supplements, sucralfate, or zinc, do not take them at the same time that you take sparfloxacin. It is best to take these medicines at least 4 hours after taking sparfloxacin. These medicines may keep sparfloxacin from working properly
If you have a severe reaction from the sun, check with your doctor. Stay out of direct sunlight and artificial light (e.g., sunlamp, tanning bed or booth) for the next 5 days or until the reaction has stopped
Pregnancy level
CAnimal studies have shown an adverse effect and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women OR no animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women
Breast feeding warning
There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding
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