Mechanism of effect
Prostaglandin F2-alpha analog; increasing outflow of aqueous humor
A selective FP prostanoid receptor agonist which lowers intraocular pressure by increasing trabecular meshwork and outflow
Pharmacodynamic
Travoprost, an isopropyl ester prodrug, is a synthetic prostaglandin F2 alpha analog that is rapidly hydrolyzed by esterases in the cornea to its biologically active free acid . The travoprost free acid is potent and highly selective for the FP prostanoid receptor
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption: through the cornea
Peak Plasma Time: within 30 min
Metabolism: hydrolyzed by esterases in the cornea
Excretion: urinary; complete systemic elimination within 1 hr
Onset of Action:~2 hours;
Peak effect: 12 hours
Half-Life Elimination:45 minute
Absorption: through the cornea
Peak Plasma Time: within 30 min
Metabolism: hydrolyzed by esterases in the cornea
Excretion: urinary; complete systemic elimination within 1 hr
Onset of Action:~2 hours;
Peak effect: 12 hours
Half-Life Elimination:45 minute
Dosage
Instill 1 drop into affected eye(s) once daily in the evening
Side effects
Blurred vision , eye pain , dry eyes , hyperemiaIncreased pigmentation of iris & periorbital tissue & increased pigmentation, thickening, elongation & growth of eyelashes
Ocular hyperemia
Decreased visual acuity
Ocular discomfort
Foreign body sensation
Pain
Pruritus
Abnormal vision
Blepharitis
Blurred vision
Cataract
Conjunctivitis
Dry eye
Iris discoloration
Keratitis
Lid margin crusting
Photophobia
Subconjunctival hemorrhage
Tearing
Prostaglandin analogs reported to cause periorbital and lid changes including deepening of the eyelid sulcus
Interactions
latanoprostene bunod , Ibuprofen , Indomethacin , Piroxicam , Tolmetin , Diclofenac , Latanoprost , etodolac , Diflunisal , Celecoxib , Sulindac , Meclofenamate , Nabumetone , Oxaprozin , Bimatoprost , Tafluprost , flurbiprofen , Ketoprofen , fenoprofen , Salsalate , Mefenamic acid , Meloxicam , Ketorolac , Aspirin , ibuprofen + famotidine , Nepafenac Ophthalmic , BromfenacBimatoprost-latanoprost-latanoprostene bunod ophthalmic-tafluprost-unoprostone ophthalmic-aspirin-aspirin rectal-bromfenac ophthalmic-celecoxib-choline magnesium trisalicylate-diclofenac-diclofenac ophthalmic-diflunisal-etodolac-fenoprofen-flurbiprofen-flurbiprofen ophthalmic-ibuprofen-ibuprofen IV-ibuprofen/famotidine-indomethacin-ketoprofen-ketorolac-ketorolac intranasal-ketorolac ophthalmic-meclofenamate-mefenamic acid-meloxicam-nabumetone-naproxen-nepafenac ophthalmic-oxaprozin-piroxicam-salsalate-sulindac-tolmetin
Alerts
-Inadvertent contamination of multiple-dose ophthalmic solutions has caused bacterial keratitis
-Eye color changes
-Intraocular inflammation and exacerbation of inflammation may occur
-Topical prostaglandin analogues have been associated with the occurrence/exacerbation of macular edema
-Use with caution in patients with a history of herpes simplex keratitis; reactivation may occur. Avoid use in patients with active herpes simplex keratitis
-Use cautiously in patients with intraocular inflammation as topical prostaglandins may worsen inflammation
-Use in pediatric patients (<16 years of age) is not recommended by the manufacturer due to possible safety issues of increased pigmentation following long-term chronic use
Points of recommendation
- Remove contact lens prior to instillation
-Wash your hands before using the eye drops.
-tell your doctor if you have ever had:
- swelling or an infection in your eye;
- retinal detachment;
- eye surgery or injury affecting the lens of your eye.
Pregnancy level
CAnimal studies have shown teratogenic results. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.
Ophthalmic prostaglandins, such as travoprost, are generally avoided during pregnancy due to a theoretical risk of miscarriage and premature labor
Breast feeding warning
There are no data on effects on breastfed child or milk production; it is not known if drug is present in human milk following ophthalmic administration
This drug is not recommended unless there are no safer alternatives.
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