Drug information of magnesium chloride

Mechanism of effect

Mechanism of action of magnesium chloride studied in 10 adult volunteers. Results suggested magnesium ion in duodenum is relatively weak stimulus to pancreas and gall bladder.
It is weak stimulant to cholecystokinin release and inhibits net jejunal water absorption. The oral administration of a single 800 mg dose of magnesium chloride in healthy volunteers resulted in a diminished rate of intraluminal lipid and protein digestion. The most pronounced effect of magnesium chloride, however, was a decreased gastric emptying rate of both test meals. After correction for gastric emptying, no differences were noted in intraluminal lipid or protein digestion. Therefore, the lower lipid levels noted after magnesium supplementation are unlikely to be the result of altered lipid assimilation. Magnesium chloride slows gastric emptying but does not influence lipid digestion

Pharmacodynamic

Magnesium is important as a cofactor in many enzymatic reactions in the body involving protein synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism (at least 300 enzymatic reactions require magnesium). Actions on lipoprotein lipase have been found to be important in reducing serum cholesterol and on sodium/potassium ATPase in promoting polarization (eg, neuromuscular functioning)

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption

Oral: Inversely proportional to amount ingested; 40% to 60% under controlled dietary conditions; 15% to 36% at higher doses

Volume of distribution

Bone (50% to 60%); extracellular fluid (1% to 2%)

Protein binding

30%, to albumin

Metabolism

Magnesium levels are efficiently regulated by the kidneys. Magnesium also undergoes efficient enterohepatic circulation

Route of elimination

Magnesium is excreted in urine. Unabsorbed magnesium is excreted in feces

Half life

Elimination half-life has been reported to be 27.7 hours following an overdose of 400 mEq magnesium in an adult.

Clearance

Maximum magnesium clearance is directly proportional to creatinine clearance.

Drug indications

This medication is a mineral supplement used to prevent and treat low amounts of magnesium in the blood. Some brands are also used to treat symptoms of too much stomach acid such as stomach upset, heartburn, and acid indigestion. Magnesium is very important for the normal functioning of cells, nerves, muscles, bones, and the heart. Usually, a well-balanced diet provides normal blood levels of magnesium. However, certain situations cause your body to lose magnesium faster than you can replace it from your diet. These situations include treatment with "water pills" (diuretics such as furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide), a poor diet, alcoholism, or other medical conditions (e.g., severe diarrhea/vomiting, stomach/intestinal absorption problems, poorly controlled diabetes).

Dosage

Recommended Daily Average (Elemental Magnesium)

Males: 400-420 mg orally each day

Females 18-30

• 310 mg orally each day
• Pregnancy: 350 mg orally each day
• Lactating: 310 mg orally each day

Females over 30

• 320 mg/day
• Pregnantwomen: 360 mg/day
• Lactating women: 320 mg/day

Children:

• Infants under 6 months: 30 mg/day
• Infants 6-12 months: 75 mg/day
• Children 1-3 years: 80 mg/day
• Children 3-8 years: 130 mg/day
• Children 8-13 years: 240 mg/day
• Children 13-18 years: 410 mg/day (men); 360 mg/day (women); 400 mg/day (pregnant women); 360 mg/day (lactating women)

Hypomagesemia

• 4 g (in 250 ml D5W) intravenousinfusion; no more than 3 ml/min
• Usual range: 1-40 g intravenously each day
• Use serumlevels as guide to continue therapy

Drug contraindications

• Renalimpairment
• Significant myocardial disease
• Comatose patients

Side effects

• respiratory depression
• low core body temperature(hypothermia)
• flushing
• significant decrease in blood pressure
• stupor

sweating

Interactions

intralipid , Drospirenone , Dextrose , Demeclocycline , Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate , Tetracycline , Doxycycline , Minocycline , Lymecycline , Oxytetracycline , Eltrombopag , Blonanserin

Alerts

This medication contains magnesium chloride. Do not take MgCl or MgCl2 if you are allergic to magnesium chloride or any ingredients contained in this drug.

Keep out of reach of children

In case of overdose, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center immediately

Points of recommendation

Liquids, powders, or some other forms of this product may contain sugar and/or aspartame. Liquid products may also contain alcohol. Caution is advised if you have diabetes, alcohol dependence, liver disease, phenylketonuria (PKU), or any other condition that requires you to limit/avoid these substances in your diet. Ask your doctor or pharmacist about using this product safely.

Pregnancy level

During pregnancy, this product should be used only when clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.

Breast feeding warning

It is not known whether this product passes into breast milk. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.