Drug information of Acarbose

Mechanism of effect

In contrast to sulfonylureas, Acarbose tablets do not enhance insulin secretion. The antihyperglycemic action of Acarbose results from a competitive, reversible inhibition of pancreatic alpha-amylase and membrane-bound intestinal alpha-glucoside hydrolase enzymes. In diabetic patients, this enzyme inhibition results in a delayed glucose absorption and a lowering of postprandial hyperglycemia.

Pharmacodynamic

Acarbose is a complex oligosaccharide that delays the digestion of ingested carbohydrates, thereby resulting in a smaller rise in blood glucose concentration following meals. As a consequence of plasma glucose reduction, Acarbose tablets reduce levels of glycosylated hemoglobin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus .

Pharmacokinetics

Extremely low bioavailability. Less than 2% of an oral dose of acarbose was absorbed as active drug. Peak plasma concentrations of the active drug were achieved 1 hour after dosing

Dosage

Usual Adult Dose for Diabetes Type 2 Individualize dose based on efficacy and tolerability: Initial dose: 25 mg orally 3 times a day -Adjust dose at 4 to 8 week intervals based on efficacy and tolerability Maintenance dose: 50 mg to 100 mg orally 3 times a day Maximum dose: Weight 60 kg or less: 50 mg orally 3 times a day; Weight greater than 60 kg: 100 mg orally 3 times a day

Interactions

Acetaminophen+caffein+acetylsalic , insulin , Paroxetine , Tranylcypromine , Somatropin-Human Growth hormone , Thyrotropin alfa , Mipomersen , Rosiglitazone , meglitol , Pramlintide , Rofecoxib , Vorinostat , tropisetron , Blonanserin , Alclometasone , Florbetapir F18 , flurandrenolide

Alerts

Because Acarbose given in combination with a sulfonylurea or insulin will cause a further lowering of blood glucose, it may increase the potential for hypoglycemia.

Points of recommendation

Take with food, at beginning of each meal. (with first bite)

Pregnancy level

B

Related drugs

Miglitol

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