Yellow fever vaccine
Drug group: Vaccines
Yellow fever is a serious disease caused by a virus that is spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. Yellow fever can cause fever and flu-like illness, jaundice (yellowing of the eyes and skin), liver failure, lung failure, kidney failure, vomiting of blood, and possibly death.
Yellow fever vaccine is recommended for people who plan to live in or travel to areas where yellow fever is known to exist, or those who are otherwise at high risk of coming into contact with the virus.
This vaccine is used to help prevent yellow fever in adults and children who are at least 9 months old. The vaccine works by exposing you to a small dose of the virus, which causes the body to develop immunity to the disease. This vaccine will not treat an active infection that has already developed in the body.
You should receive the vaccine at least 10 days prior to your arrival in an area where you may be exposed to the virus.
This vaccine is also recommended for people who work in a research laboratory and may be exposed to yellow fever virus through needle-stick accidents or inhalation of viral droplets in the air.
Like any vaccine, the yellow fever vaccine may not provide protection from disease in every person.
Yellow fever vaccine is recommended for people who plan to live in or travel to areas where yellow fever is known to exist, or those who are otherwise at high risk of coming into contact with the virus.
This vaccine is used to help prevent yellow fever in adults and children who are at least 9 months old. The vaccine works by exposing you to a small dose of the virus, which causes the body to develop immunity to the disease. This vaccine will not treat an active infection that has already developed in the body.
You should receive the vaccine at least 10 days prior to your arrival in an area where you may be exposed to the virus.
This vaccine is also recommended for people who work in a research laboratory and may be exposed to yellow fever virus through needle-stick accidents or inhalation of viral droplets in the air.
Like any vaccine, the yellow fever vaccine may not provide protection from disease in every person.
Mechanism of effect
Yellow fever vaccine is a live vaccine that offers active immunization against yellow fever infection at an effective immune response rate of nearly 100% of patients
Pharmacodynamic
Onset of Action
Seroconversion: 10 to 14 days
Duration of Action
≥30 years (possibly life-long protection
Seroconversion: 10 to 14 days
Duration of Action
≥30 years (possibly life-long protection
Drug indications
Yellow fever prevention: Active immunization against yellow fever virus, primarily among persons traveling to or living in areas where yellow fever infection exists and laboratory workers who may be exposed to the virus; vaccination may also be required for some international travelers
Dosage
Usual Adult Dose for Yellow Fever Prophylaxis
0.5
mL subcutaneously
-Booster doses may be given to patients vaccinated at least 10 years prior and at increased risk of yellow fever infection
Usual Pediatric Dose for Yellow Fever Prophylaxis
9
months and older: 0.5 mL subcutaneously
-Booster doses may be given to patients vaccinated at least 10 years prior and at increased risk of yellow fever infection
Under 9 months: Contraindicated
0.5
mL subcutaneously
-Booster doses may be given to patients vaccinated at least 10 years prior and at increased risk of yellow fever infection
Usual Pediatric Dose for Yellow Fever Prophylaxis
9
months and older: 0.5 mL subcutaneously
-Booster doses may be given to patients vaccinated at least 10 years prior and at increased risk of yellow fever infection
Under 9 months: Contraindicated
Drug contraindications
Hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients or eggs
Age less than 9 months old
Lactating women providing breast milk to infants less than 9 months of age
Immunosuppressed patients
Age less than 9 months old
Lactating women providing breast milk to infants less than 9 months of age
Immunosuppressed patients
Side effects
>10%:
Nervous system: Headache, malaise
Neuromuscular & skeletal: Asthenia, myalgia
Miscellaneous: Fever
1%
to 10%: Dermatologic: Skin rash
Frequency not defined: Local: Erythema at injection site, localized edema (at injection site), pain at injection site
<1%
, postmarketing, and/or case reports: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, anaphylaxis, cranial nerve palsy (bulbar), Guillain-Barré syndrome, hypersensitivity at injection site, hypersensitivity reaction, injection site blister formation, residual mass at injection site, urticaria, yellow fever vaccine-associated neurotropic disease (rare), yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease (rare; may be associated with multi-organ failure
Nervous system: Headache, malaise
Neuromuscular & skeletal: Asthenia, myalgia
Miscellaneous: Fever
1%
to 10%: Dermatologic: Skin rash
Frequency not defined: Local: Erythema at injection site, localized edema (at injection site), pain at injection site
<1%
, postmarketing, and/or case reports: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, anaphylaxis, cranial nerve palsy (bulbar), Guillain-Barré syndrome, hypersensitivity at injection site, hypersensitivity reaction, injection site blister formation, residual mass at injection site, urticaria, yellow fever vaccine-associated neurotropic disease (rare), yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease (rare; may be associated with multi-organ failure
Interactions
Thymoglubin , Lomustine , prednisone , Prednisolone , Sarilumab , Dexrazoxane , Basiliximab , Alefacept , Aflibercept , Tisagenlecleucel , Axicabtagene ciloleucel , Pralatrexate , trabectedine , Duvelisib , Dupilumab , Ocrelizumab , Ofatumumab , Tildrakizumab , vedolizumab , Guselkumab , Brodalumab , Dasatinib , Azathioprine , Deflazacort , Fingolimod , Methotrexate , Dimethyl Fumarate , mercaptopurine , Risankizumab , Daclizumab , Venetoclax , secukinumab , Anthrax immune globulin , Famtrastuzumab , NiraparibAxicabtagene Ciloleucel, AzaTHIOprine, Belimumab, Corticosteroids (Systemic), Daclizumab,
Deflazacort, Dimethyl Fumarate, Dupilumab, Fingolimod, Fotemustine, Guselkumab, Immunosuppressants, Leflunomide, Mercaptopurine, Methotrexate, Ocrelizumab, Risankizumab, Tildrakizumab, Tisagenlecleucel, Tuberculin Tests, Vaccines (Live), Venetoclax
Deflazacort, Dimethyl Fumarate, Dupilumab, Fingolimod, Fotemustine, Guselkumab, Immunosuppressants, Leflunomide, Mercaptopurine, Methotrexate, Ocrelizumab, Risankizumab, Tildrakizumab, Tisagenlecleucel, Tuberculin Tests, Vaccines (Live), Venetoclax
Alerts
Syncope has been reported with use of injectable vaccines and may result in serious secondary injury (eg, skull fracture, cerebral hemorrhage); typically reported in adolescents and young adults and within 15 minutes after vaccination. Procedures should be in place to avoid injuries from falling and to restore cerebral perfusion if syncope occurs
Isolated cases of post-vaccine encephalitis (some fatal) have been reported within 30 days after administration. Risk factors include age <9 months, age >60 years, and immunodeficiency
The manufacturer contraindicates use in infants <9 months of age due to risk of encephalitis. The CDC allows for use in infants 6-8 months of age when possible exposure with the yellow fever virus is unavoidable and the risk of infection exists
Isolated cases of post-vaccine encephalitis (some fatal) have been reported within 30 days after administration. Risk factors include age <9 months, age >60 years, and immunodeficiency
The manufacturer contraindicates use in infants <9 months of age due to risk of encephalitis. The CDC allows for use in infants 6-8 months of age when possible exposure with the yellow fever virus is unavoidable and the risk of infection exists
Points of recommendation
You should not receive a booster vaccine if you had a life threatening allergic reaction after the first shot
You should not receive this vaccine if you have ever had a life-threatening allergic reaction to a yellow fever vaccine, or if you have:
an allergy to gelatin, eggs, or chicken proteins
cancer, leukemia, or lymphoma
a weak immune system caused by disease (such as cancer or HIV), or by taking certain medicines such as steroids
a disorder such as myasthenia gravis
a disease or tumor of the thymus gland, or if your thymus has been surgically removed
if you have received a transplant
If you have a high risk of exposure to yellow fever, you may need to receive the vaccine even if you have an allergy to eggs or chicken products. Your doctor can give you the vaccine in several small doses to avoid an allergic reaction
In special cases, a doctor or health official may determine that a child between 6 and 9 months old should receive a yellow fever vaccine. Children younger than 6 months old should not receive this vaccine
To make sure yellow fever vaccine is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have ever had:
a seizure
a neurologic disorder or disease affecting the brain (or if this was a reaction to a previous vaccine)
a bleeding or blood clotting disorder such as hemophilia
Guillain Barré syndrome
an allergy to latex
This vaccine is given as an injection (shot) into a muscle
Yellow fever vaccine is given every 10 years to people who are at risk of exposure to yellow fever. The first shot can be given to a child who is at least 9 months old. Your individual booster schedule may be different from these guidelines. Follow your doctor's instructions or the schedule recommended by your local health department or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC
After receiving the vaccine, you will be given an International Certificate of Vaccination (yellow card) from the clinic where you receive your yellow fever vaccine. You will need this card as proof of vaccination to enter certain countries. This card becomes valid 10 days after you receive the vaccination and remains valid for 10 years
Yellow fever vaccine can cause false results on a blood test for dengue or Japanese encephalitis. Tell any doctor who treats you if you have received a yellow fever vaccine within the past 4 to 6 weeks
In addition to receiving yellow fever vaccine, use protective clothing, insect repellents, and mosquito netting around your bed to further prevent mosquito bites that could infect you with the yellow fever virus
If you continue to travel or live in areas where yellow fever is common, you should receive a booster dose of yellow fever vaccine every 10 years
Storage requirements:
-Refrigerate; do not freeze
You should not receive this vaccine if you have ever had a life-threatening allergic reaction to a yellow fever vaccine, or if you have:
an allergy to gelatin, eggs, or chicken proteins
cancer, leukemia, or lymphoma
a weak immune system caused by disease (such as cancer or HIV), or by taking certain medicines such as steroids
a disorder such as myasthenia gravis
a disease or tumor of the thymus gland, or if your thymus has been surgically removed
if you have received a transplant
If you have a high risk of exposure to yellow fever, you may need to receive the vaccine even if you have an allergy to eggs or chicken products. Your doctor can give you the vaccine in several small doses to avoid an allergic reaction
In special cases, a doctor or health official may determine that a child between 6 and 9 months old should receive a yellow fever vaccine. Children younger than 6 months old should not receive this vaccine
To make sure yellow fever vaccine is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have ever had:
a seizure
a neurologic disorder or disease affecting the brain (or if this was a reaction to a previous vaccine)
a bleeding or blood clotting disorder such as hemophilia
Guillain Barré syndrome
an allergy to latex
This vaccine is given as an injection (shot) into a muscle
Yellow fever vaccine is given every 10 years to people who are at risk of exposure to yellow fever. The first shot can be given to a child who is at least 9 months old. Your individual booster schedule may be different from these guidelines. Follow your doctor's instructions or the schedule recommended by your local health department or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC
After receiving the vaccine, you will be given an International Certificate of Vaccination (yellow card) from the clinic where you receive your yellow fever vaccine. You will need this card as proof of vaccination to enter certain countries. This card becomes valid 10 days after you receive the vaccination and remains valid for 10 years
Yellow fever vaccine can cause false results on a blood test for dengue or Japanese encephalitis. Tell any doctor who treats you if you have received a yellow fever vaccine within the past 4 to 6 weeks
In addition to receiving yellow fever vaccine, use protective clothing, insect repellents, and mosquito netting around your bed to further prevent mosquito bites that could infect you with the yellow fever virus
If you continue to travel or live in areas where yellow fever is common, you should receive a booster dose of yellow fever vaccine every 10 years
Storage requirements:
-Refrigerate; do not freeze
Pregnancy level
CIt is not known whether yellow fever vaccine will harm an unborn baby. However, if you are at a high risk for infection with yellow fever during pregnancy, your doctor should determine whether you need this vaccine.
Breast feeding warning
You should not receive this vaccine if you are breast-feeding a baby.
Drug forms
Stamaril, YF-Vax
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