unoprostone
Unoprostone isopropyl is a prostaglandin analogue. Ophthalmic Solution 0.15% is a synthetic docosanoid. Unoprostone isopropyl has the chemical name isopropyl (+)-(Z)-7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5 dihydroxy-2-(3-oxodecyl)cyclopentyl]-5-heptenoate. The main indication of Unoprostane is treatment of glucoma
For the lowering of intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension who are intolerant of other intraocular pressure lowering medications or insufficiently responsive (failed to achieve target IOP determined after multiple measurements over time) to another intraocular pressure lowering medication.
Mechanism of effect
Unoprostone is believed to reduce elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor. The mechanism of action for the IOP-lowering effect of unoprostone is controversial. Early studies showed that unoprostone increases aqueous humor outflow through the uveoscleral pathway similar to the 20-carbon prostaglandin analogs, such as latanoprost.8 More recent evidence, however, shows that it may work, at least in part, through stimulation of Ca2+-activated BK and CIC-2 type channels, leading to increased trabecular meshwork outflow.
Pharmacodynamic
Unoprostone will begin to reduce IOP 30 minutes after ocular instillation.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorbed: through cornea and conjunctival epithelium; minimal systemic absorption
Half-Life: 14 min
Peak Plasma: <1.5 ng/mL
Metabolism: hydrolyzed by esterases to unoprostone free acid
Excretion: urinary (as metabolites)
Drug indications
increased ocular tensionDosage
1 gtt in affected eye(s) BID
Drug contraindications
Hypersensitivity to this drugSide effects
nausea , dry mouth , vomiting , Blurred vision , palpitations , dry eyes , itching , Cataracts , corneal changes , stinging , conjunctival hyperemia , Corneal edemaAlerts
Increased pigmentation may occur due to increased melanin content in iris, eyelid periorbital tissues, and eyelashes
May exacerbated active intraocular inflammation (eg, uveitis)
Macular edema, including cystoid macular edema reported; caution in aphakic patients or pseudophakic patients with torn posterior lens capsule
Points of recommendation
May use with other topical ophthalmic drugs to lower IOP; if 2 drugs are used, separate administration by at least 5 minutes
Contains benzalkonium chloride, which may be absorbed by soft contact lenses; remove contact lenses before administration and wait at least 15 minutes after administration before reinserting contact lenses
Avoid touching eyelids or surrounding areas with dropper bottle tip to minimize contaminating dropper tip and solution
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