Chlordiaze poxide
Chlordiazepoxide is a benzodiazepine. Chlordiazepoxide affects chemicals in the brain that may be unbalanced in people with anxiety. Chlordiazepoxide is used to treat anxiety disorders . Chlordiazepoxide may be used short-term to treat anxiety you may have before a surgery .
Mechanism of effect
Benzodiazepines appear to work by affecting neurotransmitters in the brain, chemicals that nerves release in order to communicate with other nearby nerves. One of these neurotransmitters is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that suppresses the activity of nerves. Chlordiazepoxide binds to benzodiazepine (BZD) binding sites on GABA (A) receptor complexes at several sites within the central nervous system.
This results in an increased binding of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA to the GABA(A) receptor. BZDs , therefore, enhance GABA-mediated chloride influx through GABA receptor channels, causing membrane hyperpolarization. The net neuro-inhibitory effects result in the observed sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic, and muscle relaxant properties.
Pharmacodynamic
The net neuro-inhibitory effects result in the observed sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic, and muscle relaxant properties.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption:
It is absorbed after oral administration.
Distribution:
It is distributed widely in the body.
Metabolism:
• It is metabolized to active metabolite in the liver.
• Metabolites: Demoxepam, desmethylchlordiazepoxide, desmethyldiazepam, oxazepam
.
• Onset of action for chlordizepoxide: 1 - 2 hours
• Duration of action for chlordiazepoxide: 12 - 24 hours
• Half-life of chlordizepoxide: 5 - 30 hours
• Excretion: Urine
Dosage
Anxiety:
Mild/moderate: 5-10 mg PO q6-8hr
Severe: 20-25 mg PO q6-8hr
Preoperative Apprehension & Anxiety:
5-10 mg PO q6-8hr
Interactions
Olanzapine , Thalidomide , Zolpidem , Methadone , Clozapine , Enzalutamide , Chlormethiazole , methotrimeprazine , lemborexant , Flunitrazepam , Abametapir , Idelalisib , Dabrafenib , Bromperidol , Fucidic acid , conivaptan , Blonanserin , Azelastine , Buprenorphine , Oxycodone , mitotane , Mifepristone , DroperidolAlerts
Concomitant use of benzodiazepines and opioids may result in profound respiratory depression, coma, and death; administer concomitantly when there are no alternative options; limit dosages and durations to minimum required; monitor for signs and symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation.
Points of recommendation
Patient should avoid activities requiring mental alertness or coordination until drug effects are realized.
This drug may cause edema, constipation, nausea, ataxia, confusion, somnolence, or irregular menstruation.
Avoid patient against sudden discontinuation.
Patient should not drink alcohol or use other CNS depressants while taking this drug.
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